Uncertainty surrounds Pope Francis’ ability to deliver the traditional Urbi et Orbi (“To the City and to the World”) Easter blessing to tens of thousands of believers gathered in St. Peter’s Square, due to ongoing health challenges.

The 88-year-old pontiff, who is recovering from a serious bout of pneumonia, has made limited public appearances in recent weeks and has often appeared physically weak. Speaking remains difficult for the leader of over 1.4 billion Catholics worldwide.

As a result, Sunday’s Easter Mass—the culmination of the Christian liturgical calendar—is expected to be presided over by Italian Cardinal Angelo Comastri, a high-ranking Vatican official, while the Pope may participate in a limited capacity.

Francis was discharged from Gemelli Hospital in Rome four weeks ago, following more than a month of treatment. Though he has resumed some activities, doctors have advised rest and minimal exertion as he continues his recovery.

On Saturday evening, the Pope made an appearance in St. Peter’s Basilica, arriving in a wheelchair, underlining the ongoing limitations to his mobility and strength.

This year’s Easter celebration carries added significance as the Catholic Church prepares for the 2025 Jubilee Year, an event of major spiritual and global importance, for which Pope Francis had originally planned full participation.

Despite the uncertainties, Rome is hosting an estimated 1 million visitors this weekend, including pilgrims from around the world. Among them is U.S. Vice President J.D. Vance, a recent Catholic convert who plans to attend Easter Mass with his family. NAN