By Olayinka Omolere

In a rapidly evolving field dominated by major players from the U.S., EU, and China, Africa’s presence in the global generative AI landscape remains limited. Generative AI has made significant strides since 2022, when OpenAI launched its groundbreaking chatbot, positioning itself as a global leader. However, with few African companies in the space, the continent risks dependence on foreign AI solutions that may not fully meet local needs.

Industry analysts warn that this reliance could limit Africa’s economic benefits from AI and hinder the adaptation of technology to the continent’s unique contexts. Unlike other regions, Africa faces steep barriers in developing foundational AI models. These models, which are the core technology behind generative AI applications, require vast amounts of data to function. Yet, AI4D Africa reports that only 0.02% of online content is available in African languages, and many African languages lack written forms, posing a challenge for local companies aiming to train AI systems on regionally relevant data.

Another barrier is cost. Training foundational AI models can exceed $100 million, with top firms such as OpenAI and Anthropic already investing billions. In October 2024, OpenAI alone raised an additional $6.6 billion to further its generative AI capabilities. Beyond financial resources, Africa also faces a shortage of AI talent, which adds to the difficulty of establishing a strong AI industry locally.

Amid these challenges, some African leaders are taking steps to shape the future of AI on the continent. Nigeria’s government recently proposed the creation of an African Artificial Intelligence Council, which would encourage uniform AI regulations and collaboration across the continent. This initiative aims to support the development of African AI models, facilitate knowledge-sharing, and bolster technical expertise among African regulators.

Experts emphasize the need for balanced regulations that promote innovation without hindering progress. Recent events in the European Union highlight the risks of regulatory overreach, as companies like Meta, Apple, and X have restricted access to some of their AI models in response to EU regulations. For Africa, observers say it is crucial to create policies that encourage development while fostering dialogue between local innovators, governments, and global stakeholders.

Industry watchers say initiatives like Nigeria’s proposed AI Council could enable Africa to gradually build its AI ecosystem and perhaps even lead to the creation of a foundational model tailored to the continent’s needs.

Omolere, an expert, wrote from Lagos.