By Charles Kumolu

Since the end of First World War , there have been many peace plans and many negotiations among warring camps globally.Some of these have been successful, while others  failed to achieve peace. Here are some peace proposals and what happened to them.

1914

Known as the Christmas Truce. World War One had  raged for four months but German and Allied soldiers stepped out of their trenches, shook hands and agreed a truce so the dead could be buried. The soldiers also used that truce to chat with one another and even played a football match.

1967

UN Security Council Resolution 242.  -It was passed on 22 November 1967 and embodies the principle that has guided most of the subsequent peace plans, especially the exchange of land for peace.

1978

With past peace deals, failing to ensure lasting peace, it became imparative for then United States President, Jimmy Carter to convene a peace talk in  Camp David. This was known as the Camp David Accords.

He  capitalised on the new mood and invited President Sadat and the Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin, for talks at the presidential retreat at Camp David near Washington. The talks lasted for 12 days and resulted in two agreements.

1991

Known as the Madrid Conference. The forum was  co-sponsored by the US and the Soviet Union, was designed to follow up the Egypt-Israel treaty by encouraging other Arab countries to sign their own agreements with Israel.

1993

The international pressure on the Hutu-led government of Juvénal Habyarimana in Rwanda,  resulted in a cease-fire  with a roadmap to implement the Arusha Accords that would create a power-sharing government.

1993 Oslo Agreement

Backed by then US President, Bill Clinton, the dialogue tried to tackle the missing element of all previous talks – a direct agreement between Israelis and Palestinians, represented by the Palestinian Liberation Organisation ,PLO. Its importance was that there was finally mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO.

1994

Israel signed a historic peace deal with Jordan.

1994

The Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement‘ attempted to end the Second Congo War through a ceasefire, release of prisoners of war, and the deployment of an international peacekeeping force under the auspices of the United Nations.

1995

The Dayton Accords, resulted to the deployment of IFOR consisting of American, British, and French troops  to police a cease-fire agreement according to which Bosnia remained essentially intact.

1996

The warring factions in Liberia signed the Abuja peace agreement and concurred to hold elections, which Charles Taylor won. Between 1997 and 2000, Liberia experienced a flawed and fragile peace

2003

The continuous failure of previous initiatives, resulted to this which was also held in Camp David. Like others, it failed leading to another  Palestinian uprising known as intifada.

2O12

Colombia’s left-wing Farc rebels  announced a unilateral Christmas ceasefire, on the first day of peace talks in Cuba.

The truce will ran  from Tuesday to  20 January.

June 2014

The Afghan government reportedly  commenced  negotiating a “peace deal” with the Taliban in Sangin, which was overrun by the jihadist group.

Negotiations between Taliban militants and Afghan officials continue in southern Helmand province of Afghanistan in a bid to end  violence.

2014

Pakistan Taliban agreed to ceasefire to help Afghan allies.

Pakistani militants  said the  ceasefire with their government was  to preserve militant bases used to stage cross-border attacks

2014

Colombia’s  rebel group FARC  declared a cease-fire during Colombia’s presidential runoff. This came amid peace negotiations between Bogota and the rebels.

The cease-fire was announced in a letter addressed to right-wing presidential challenger Oscar Ivan Zuluaga.

2014

The Myanmar government and the ethnic armed groups  agreed on a fourth draft nationwide ceasefire accord after five days of talks at the Myanmar Peace Centre in Yangon.