LORD Frederick Lugard, British Governor-General of Nigeria between 1914 and 1919, expressed the following views about Africans in his book, The Dual Mandate, which was published in 1926: "In character and temperament, the typical African of this race-type is a happy, thriftless, excitable person. Lacking in self-control, discipline, and foresight. Naturally courageous, naturally courteous and polite, full of personal vanity, with little sense of veracity, fond of music and loving weapons as an Oriental loves jewellery.